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What Every Woman Should Know About HPV

Jan 15, 2026

What Every Woman Should Know About HPV

Jan 15, 2026
HPV affects millions of women, often without symptoms. Understanding how it spreads, how it’s detected, and how to prevent it plays a critical role in reducing cervical cancer risk.

January reminds us to focus on cervical health. Human papillomavirus, or HPV, affects millions of women, and many don’t know they carry it. Understanding HPV, its risks, and prevention helps you take control of your health. 

At Salem Women’s Clinic, Inc., in Salem, Oregon, Elizebeth Rose Harmon, MD, FACOG, and the team believe that awareness can prevent complications, including cervical cancer. This month provides the perfect opportunity to learn more and make informed choices.

What’s HPV and how does it spread?

HPV is a common virus that spreads primarily through sexual contact. Most sexually active women get HPV at some point, even if they have no symptoms. Some types of HPV clear on their own, while others persist and increase the risk of cervical changes. 

Condoms reduce the risk but don’t eliminate it completely. Regular screenings and vaccination provide the best protection against complications.

Why HPV matters for women

HPV can affect more than just the cervix. It can cause genital warts and, rarely, other cancers. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types may lead to abnormal cervical cell changes. 

If left untreated, these changes can develop over time into cervical cancer. Early detection and prevention significantly reduce the risk of serious disease. 

Signs and symptoms to watch for

Many women with HPV don’t notice any symptoms. That’s why routine screenings matter. Visible signs may include genital warts or abnormal Pap test results. You may experience unusual vaginal bleeding or discomfort, though these symptoms often appear later. 

Catching problems early allows Dr. Harmon to treat them effectively and prevent progression.

How to prevent HPV

Vaccination protects against the most dangerous types of HPV. The vaccine works best when given before sexual activity begins, but adults can benefit as well.

Safe sexual practices, including limiting the number of partners, reduce your risk. Regular cervical screenings detect changes before they become serious. 

Simple preventive steps include:

  • HPV vaccination
  • Routine Pap tests
  • Limiting sexual partners
  • Consistent condom use
  • Prompt follow-up on abnormal results

A combination of vaccination, safe practices, and screenings gives you the strongest protection.

The importance of regular screenings

Cervical cancer develops slowly, giving women time to detect changes. Pap tests and HPV tests identify abnormal cells early. Guidelines recommend beginning screenings at age 21 and continuing regularly based on age and results. 

Dr. Harmon can tailor a schedule that fits your risk factors. Staying consistent with appointments increases your chances of catching issues before they progress.

How to talk to your health care provider

Discussing HPV with Dr. Harmon helps you understand your risk and options. Bring questions about vaccination, screenings, and sexual health. Ask what steps are right for your age and lifestyle. She can provide guidance for preventing HPV-related complications.

What to do if you test positive

A positive HPV test is common and doesn’t mean you have cancer. Dr. Harmon may recommend follow-up testing or closer monitoring. 

In some cases, minor procedures remove abnormal cells. Most women manage HPV without significant complications when they follow recommendations. Staying informed and proactive allows you to protect your long-term health.

Take control during Cervical Cancer Awareness Month

January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, highlighting the importance of education and prevention. HPV doesn’t have to become a problem when you know the facts and take action. 

Vaccination, regular screenings, safe sexual practices, and open communication with Dr. Harmon empower you to protect your health. 

To schedule an appointment, update your vaccinations, or learn more about HPV, call Salem Women’s Clinic or request your appointment online today. Act now to give yourself the best chance for a healthy future.